Précis of Into the Unknown: Aging with Autism Spectrum Disorders by Perkins and Berkman
Summary:
Perkins and Berkman provide a comprehensive review of the challenges and outcomes associated with aging in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The article synthesizes current literature on life expectancy, physical and mental health comorbidities, ASD symptomatology, and social, residential, and vocational outcomes in older adults. Highlighting the paucity of research in this area, the authors call for a greater focus on understanding the aging process in autistic adults to inform care practices and policy. Despite significant challenges, the article notes evidence of positive outcomes, including reduced maladaptive behaviors and increased coping mechanisms with age.
Key Points:
1. Life Expectancy and Mortality:
• Life expectancy for individuals with ASD is slightly reduced compared to the general population, influenced by intellectual disability (ID) and other comorbidities.
• Higher risks of mortality are associated with epilepsy, accidental deaths, and respiratory and circulatory diseases.
2. Physical and Mental Health:
• Common physical health issues include epilepsy, gastrointestinal disorders, and sleep disturbances.
• Up to 75% of individuals with ASD experience psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety and depression, though prevalence may decline with age.
3. ASD Symptomatology Across the Lifespan:
• Symptoms such as repetitive behaviors and sensory processing issues tend to diminish in severity with age, while social impairments may persist.
• Improvement in symptoms may result from physiological aging, increased self-awareness, and accumulated life experiences.
4. Social and Vocational Outcomes:
• Many older adults with ASD face challenges in achieving independent living and meaningful employment due to limited social and vocational opportunities.
5. Research Gaps and Recommendations:
• The lack of data on older adults with ASD underscores the need for longitudinal studies to better understand aging trajectories.
• The authors advocate for improved health surveillance, tailored support services, and caregiver education to optimize quality of life for aging individuals with ASD.
Implications:
The article highlights the urgency of addressing the unmet needs of aging autistic adults, a population that is growing as the first diagnosed cohorts age into later life. It underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to care and the need for societal recognition of this underserved group.
Citation (APA):
Perkins, E. A., & Berkman, K. A. (2012). Into the unknown: Aging with autism spectrum disorders. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 117(6), 478–496. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-117.6.478
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